Han China and Classical Athens Dbq

Peter C. DBQ Essay 09/12/12 3rd block For many reasons, Han Empire and Classical Athens have many differences. As Rudyard Kipling once wrote, Oh, East is east, West is west, And never the twain shall meet Kipling stated the obvious, the Han Empire and Classical Athens are completely different (Introduction). However, is it true? Of course these two civilizations have many differences, one is located in the west and the other is located in the east.The two civilizations are different not just for their locations but also population distribution, government, society treatments, and culture. The main difference between the Han Empire and Classical Athens is their population distribution. While Classical Athens population was total with Environs equal to be 315,000, the Han Empire consisted of 65,000,000 total (documents B & C). The population classification is also different, one is more specific and the other is more general.For instance, the population of Athens were divided into four sections: free male citizens, free male non-citizens, free females, and slaves, while the Han’s classes are more specific: emperor & appointed officials, educated mandarin bureaucrats, land aristocracy, peasants farmers & skilled urban workers, merchants, and â€Å"mean people† (documents B & C). As you see from the list above, Han classified their classes specifically. Even though the two are very different, they also have some similarities like the peasants and the slaves are both the highest percentage in the population for both Han China and Classical Athens.A third of the Classical Athens’ populations were slaves and 90% of the Han China’s populations were peasants (document C). Han China and Classical Athens’ governments were completely different. The state of Athens had a form of government where the citizens’ votes will decide on the political choices called democracy (document D). The democracy government of Athens was the first de mocracy state formed in the world at the time. The assembly was open to all free males of adult age (18 and older) (document D & E). The officials composed of five hundreds men, fifty from each of the ten Attic tribes (states).On the other hand, the Han Empire had a monarch ruled over them (Online). The first emperor of the Empire was Liu Bang. The monarchy system works through descendants of the emperor, if the current emperor passed away, his son will take over the throne, and then the son of his son will be throne as emperor and so on (Online). On the forms of governments for the two empires and state there is not any similarity in them. The third most important difference is their way of treatments to the society especially to children and women.In both Han Empire and Classical Athens society, women and children were treated poorly. For example, in Athens women were not allowed to be in the council, instead they had to serve their husbands as their master (document Q). As for th e Han’s empire, the women were to be at service to the men with a straight manner, no humors, jokes, or anything (document R). Children were treated even worse; they weren’t being considered as children or a living creature, maybe more like products that can be kept or disposed at will.In Athens, if the child makes it through the first night, he or she is to be kept from being abandon (document N). But for the next ten days will be tough, because the father of the child will be inspecting him or her for any deformation, if it is confirmed that the child is deformed in anyway, he or she will get abandon, no matter what can happen to his or her life (document N). The Han Empire isn’t any better. A mother may give up a child at will due to the fact that she doesn’t know how long she can live to take of the child (document O).The Han China and Classical Athens’ culture also had a huge different to how the arts were created. The arts of the Athenians we re more focus on themselves, the human body. For example, on the front cover page, there is a drawing or statue of a Greek man, the Greek man is standing in a weird position with his arms pointing down, there are a few lines emphasizing his muscles, torso, biceps, etc. (Front Cover). While the art of the Han China were more focus on the landscapes and scenes surround them, along with the serenity and balance of the world drawn on to canvases in great details (document L).In most paintings, the five Chinese elements called Wu Xing will most likely be included in the paintings; the five elements are wood, fire, earth, metal, and water. Looking at Ch’iu Ying’s painting, you can clearly see the how Wu Xing is being presented in the painting, how the trees and mountains were presented in the background (document L). However, as you can see in the painting, there are only two men in the painting, this could mean that humans were inconsiderable in their arts (document L).As a conclusion, the two artistic styles were complete different from each other, the Han’s arts were more focus on nature in great details, while the Athenians’ art were more focus on the human body. As for conclusion on this essay, despite the fact that the two civilizations are different because of their locations, there was also much information given above as to how the two differ from each other. They both discovered many remarkable findings, developed many new creations, and have defeated many great wars. Although they both have many differences, the two were still significant in their own points of view.

Culture Intervention in the School Essay

In (PLEASE PUT THE NAME OF YOUR SCHOOL HERE), students coming from different races and ethnicities are accepted. Thus, this creates a student body which is culturally diverse and different in terms of the beliefs, values, languages, and other aspects related to culture. People coming from different cultures are not expected to have a harmonious relationship right away especially with regard to their young age. However, there may be some forms of intervention that can reduce the friction, tension, and conflict due to cultural differences. Before delving into the details of intervention for culture, it is necessary to define culture to be able to target the right elements. Culture is defined â€Å"in anthropology, the patterns of behavior and thinking that people living in social groups learn, create, and share† (Bodley, 2005). This is comprised of the â€Å"beliefs, rules of behavior, language, rituals, art, technology, style of dress, ways of producing and cooking food, religion, and political and economic systems† (Bodley, 2005). Thus, the term culture encompasses a wide range of factors that paves the way for more differences among the students. There are several intervention measures that can be put into application in the school. First, it is important that there is an atmosphere in existent in the school that clearly sets a zero tolerance for bullying and by-standing within the premises of the school. Bullying and by-standing are common consequences of variations in culture. More often than not, the students belonging to the majority culture teases the students who are members of the cultural minority groups. This could lead to bullying and constant fear and inferiority for those who become the victims of the bullies and by-standers. With the foregoing statement, the school administration, in cooperation with the parents, should be able to make a concerted effort to make and agree on policies that will lead to harmonious relationships between the culturally-varied students. Corresponding sanctions should be placed upon the violations and their degrees should be identified. Moreover, rewards for those students who help in creating a stable environment and who makes a way to accept cultural differences in the school should be given a rewards in terms of academic and recognition factors. This is a long and tedious process and there are a lot of factors and minute details to be considered in making the policies. Also, through the cooperation of the parents, there will be reinforcement measures even when the children go back to their homes. It will not simply be a school responsibility for them but hopefully, will become a way of life and a part of their values. Second, there is a need for adult mentors to become visible to the students. However, they should not see these adult mentors as someone who would always pinpoint their mistakes and become an authoritative figure that will constrict their movements. Rather, these adult mentors should be perceived as persons who will be a help within their reach for any problem they have. Adult mentors will be based on a schedule formulated for each break period to patrol on places where the children mostly are and in places that become a favorable place for bullying. The procedures for this should be discusses together with the first culture intervention. Lastly, the students should also be involved in the efforts to have an environment which accepts cultural differences. This can be done by having one class period devoted to an open discussion regarding the different cultures of students and to highlight the exciting and new information about each culture. This way, the students will become aware that it is not only their culture that is in existent but there are a lot of colorful things to look forward to in the treasure box of another student’s culture. Also, the homeroom adviser or teacher could serve as a facilitator for discussion that will dwell on the different problems of culture they have in the school right now. The children are expected to understand this with a proper explanation from the facilitator. The facilitators of the group discussions will have to undergo training for this subject. References Bodley, J. H. 2005. â€Å"Culture. † Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2006 [CD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation.

What Would You Do with a Million Dollars?

What would you do with a million dollars? The amount of money that will pass through your hands over a working lifetime is incredible. For example, if you work 40 years and earn only an average of $25,000 per year, you will have made $1 million even without salary increases due to inflation. The average family in America earns nearly $50,000 per year. You are likely to earn over $2 million dollars in yourlifetime! What will you do with your millions? Many older people have spent it all. Is that what you will do? What do you want to do with your money? First, you need to decide what you want. Create your dream list. This is your first step in spending your millions. Your dreams are what you want to do, to own or to become. The biggest reason capable people don’t realize their dream is that they see themselves in terms of what they lack: lack of money, lack of time, lack of ability, lack of opportunity, lack of support from family. Once you have determined where you are going and what you want to do in life, the things you now see yourself lacking you will find along the path of life. A bar of gold only a few yards ahead of you is out of your reach as long as you choose to remain stuck where you are. Your dreams list will get you unstuck and allow you to see possibilities and opportunities instead of roadblocks and problems. Of course, it is mentally easier to attempt to avoid disappointment by not wanting much. Remember, those who ask little from life always get what they ask for—little or nothing. Dream big dreams. President Kennedy said we should go to the moon not because it would be easy, but because it would be hard.

Prodigal Summer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Prodigal Summer - Essay Example Since, there is no clear answer to love many would wonder why one would choose estrangement over love, and empathy. Many psychologists, sociologists, and psychiatrists think that love, and empathy are two different things. Many psychologists, sociologist, and psychiatrists think that love developed from empathy (Allot, 1). Because love developed from empathy many think that empathy developed from the mother, and child bond. When there is no empathy as an infant, and young child as the child grows older than the child will develop an estrangement to love (Allot, 1). When one develops an estrangement in life as an adult it is not necessarily then because there was no empathy at all between mother, and child. However, the mother may have developed problems in the mother’s own life. The mother may have developed a drug, or alcohol addiction (Allot, 1). Oftentimes when a mother tries to love the child, and the child is in an environment and there is a drug, or alcohol addiction the child may begin to resist the love from the mother. The child may begin to grow old, and begin to do follow-up a false sense of what love is. When children grow up and develop a false sense of what love is the child may become addicted to drugs, alcohol, or even sex. Since, children learn love from the mother, the father, and other important figures in the child’s life than estrangement, cannot be it a choice. When estrangement is not necessarily a choice the child, who grew into an adult and became estranged from life should it receive empathy from those around. However, someone like this who has an estrangement from life would not necessarily receive empathy from those around. When the child grows into young adulthood and develops a estrangement from life the child may develop in addiction of alcohol, drugs, or sex. Many young adults, and adults who have an estrangement will develop an addiction to alcohol, drug, or sex addiction because the addiction is a replacement for the empathy, and love this is child has never received. The young adult who develops an addiction to sex is sometimes associates sex as a form of love, instead of associating sex as part of a loving, and meaningful relationship. Studies have found that love can be very positive for a person. When a person finds love a person will develop a deeper understanding of those around the person. Developing a deeper understanding of those around is part of a deeper understanding of empathy. When a person has no empathy, and love in life the person cannot understand the emotions of anyone else. Many psychologists, sociologists, and psychiatrists in the past want to know about love and if love is just something that merely happens. Many who study love want to know if love is just a mistake, and if those who do find love were nearly in the right place, at the right time. However, after studying animals in the wild, and seeing how animals react to their own young has given psychologists, sociolo gists, and psychiatrists a deeper understanding of why some people find love, and others do not. Animals in the wild give their young empathy. So in conclusion of studying animals many psychiatrists, sociologist, and psychologists have come to the conclusion that love is not something that just happens. Love is not just something that happens because love is something one learns. Love is taught in infancy. Just like the animals with their young who the young animals

Nursing capstone phase 1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nursing capstone phase 1 - Assignment Example The problem and event are to be defined and described factually, which will include quantitative and qualitative properties/attributes of the harmful outcomes. In this case, this will include a specification of the timing, location, magnitude, and nature of the event. Another component that will be used in this particular RCA will be the collection of data to ascertain that the problem does exist, the length of time that the problem has existed, and the impact the problem has portended on the patient (De Silvestro et al, 2013). The hemolytic transfusion reaction will be analyzed fully prior to examining the contributing factors, which will involve assembling experts from several disciplines that comprehend the situation. A third component of the RCA will involve the identification of possible causative factors, in which the RCA will seek to investigate the sequence of events leading up to the hemolytic transfusion reaction, the conditions that allowed the reaction to happen, and other problems associated with occurrence of the reaction (De Silvestro et al, 2013). As many causal factors are to be identified in this component as possible using various tools. These are appreciation to determine every possible consequences of a specific factor, using the 5 why’s to get to the reaction’s root, breaking down the problem into smaller and more detailed portions, and using cause and effect diagrams. Finally, the RCA will also use the recommendation component by seeking to provide solutions about how to prevent another occurrence of a similar reaction and the prevalent risks in implementing the provide solutions (De Silvestro et al, 2013). This component will involve an analysis of the cause and effect process, as well as identification of changes required for the department. Tools that can be used here include the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis, Impact Analysis, and Continuous Improvement Analysis. During

Abraham Lincoln-6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Abraham Lincoln-6 - Essay Example As a wartime president, Abraham served as the principal commander of armies (Dirck 20). This entitled him to the obligation of deciding and implementing war policies. For instance, Lincoln devised the union plan that required armies to liaise towards defeating the opponent. Lincoln also established strategies that guided the militia. This ensured that they operated in unison because of observation of regulations. In addition, Abraham defeated armies that failed to conform to the union. This became possible by mobilizing union armies that would defeat the Confederate counterparts (Dirck 20). Therefore, the adoption of strategy enabled armies to fight with corporation. He thus ascertained that the North region outdid the war dealings in the southern hemisphere. Lincoln possessed powers over the armies and outplayed orders concerning military executions. During wartime, Abraham ascertained that Republican Party displayed compactness. This explicates that Lincoln displayed equal treatments to all the fronts and culminated to members feeling that the party favored their existence. He also involved efforts of recruiting blacks into the army to ensure fairness. This depicted equality stated in the charter that regulated states. However, his ideology of recruiting blacks faced protest from democrats plus republicans. This draws explications from issues of race and information that Whites encompassed a superior ranking compared to African Americans. Therefore, Lincoln strategized his military role under the Republican alliance. In addition to war, Abraham entails depictions of an enthusiastic anti-slave campaigner. He pioneered in counteracting slavery by introducing an emancipation policy (Myers 726). The policy meant that those owning enslaved people to free them. This measure aimed at giving liberty to enslaved men. Therefore, Abraham urged the freeing of slaves and forced those refuting the order to comply. This culminated to slaves enjoying the freedom like

Stylistic Analysis of peer Reviewed Articles Essay

Stylistic Analysis of peer Reviewed Articles - Essay Example There are no references from other sources of information are conservative and keenly asserted by the author. The article is based on the author’s perspective. Federspiel and Fisks works are an example used by the author. The level of vocabulary used is intermediate to enhance comprehension of the article. It focuses on a particular discipline (Matsuoka, 2005). In the third article, which is a report prepared by the Ministry of Education, the language used is formal. It is mainly because it is a formal report addressed to the ministry related to education. The use of tables, presence of introductive and conclusive sub-headings in the work further support that it is a formal article (Ockert, 2012). Quotations from trustees, students and teachers cater for the void left by the absence of in-text citations that are common in formal texts. The level of vocabulary used is interactive to enhance the effectiveness of the delivery of the message intended to be passed to the ministry. However, it is not specific to a particular

Keepers of the Future Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Keepers of the Future - Essay Example The shortage of well-trained, credible teachers who possess the right personal qualities necessary for preschool teachers is becoming widespread.   Government funds simply cannot provide the proper training for them, much less, the salaries and benefits they need.   Hence, it is a sad reality that many children miss out on the benefits of quality care and education.   More basic than education, health of children all over the world, is likewise at risk, as reported by UNICEF (2008) in its report on the State of the World’s Children 2009.   These articles have impressed upon me a sorry future for today’s young children if people will not move to make it better for them. The shortage of well-trained, credible teachers who possess the right personal qualities necessary for preschool teachers is becoming widespread.   Government funds simply cannot provide the proper training for them, much less, the salaries and benefits they need.   Hence, it is a sad reality that many children miss out on the benefits of quality care and education.   More basic than education, health of children all over the world, is likewise at risk, as reported by UNICEF (2008) in its report on the State of the World’s Children 2009.   These articles have impressed upon me a sorry future for today’s young children if people will not move to make it better for them. Third world countries may suffer a more dire reality, depending on the people’s priorities.   In the Philippine setting, education is seen as a major priority and investment of parents. Hence, many families believe in preschool education.   At least in the metropolis, the country’s growing profiles of dual-income earning families is pushing more and more parents to enroll their young children in preschools instead of leaving them with the household help.   As children turn two years, many parents already go out to choose the right preschool for their toddlers. This cho ice must be seriously made since a wrong choice of preschool may cause more harm than good for the children. Like in the articles, many teachers in the Philippines are not appropriately trained to handle very young children.   Traditional approaches such as lecturing and expecting young children to learn from mere workbooks and rote still prevail.   Although there are a lot of preschools in existence upholding more progressive methods and developmentally-appropriate practices, their market is very limited since such schools tend to charge higher rates.   And even if training is available for teachers in carrying out progressive methods, it is a common complaint among them that administrators of their school are just not open to implementing it because of their resistance to get out of their comfort zones.

Proposal Form Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Form - Research Proposal Example In addition to that, this research will also identify various marketing and economic factors that may affect full functionality of logistics sector. The role of technology in facilitating the various aspects of business in general and the logistics sector in particular will also be studied. The framework that will be used in this research will be the one used by Yoshizaki and Montibeller (2009) before. This framework will help consider a single commodity, multi-criteria, capacitated problem of facility location, and can be used for such other research ideas as well. A case study will be used to illustrate the framework. This case study will be inspired by real applications in the construction industry of the UK. Problems that are likely to be considered will involve a manufacturer that has to select locations for establishing concrete batching plants for supplying concrete to different projects across London. Each batching plant will have a limited capacity of production. Topological benefits such as the weighted distances from clients or minimizing total costs are traditionally optimized by classical and mono-criterion models of location. Many multi-objective models of location also employ the same criteria. In this research framework, total costs will be considered against the overall benefits that may be nodal or topological. We may also consider other topological benefits in addition to geographical coverage and total cost such as service area overlap, number of sites, total environmental impact, total system risk, and total quality of service. The literature review will primarily include books and peer reviewed journals. Such journals qualify to be used as sources in this research paper as International Journal of Logistics Management, Journal of Business Logistics, Transportation Research, Transportation Journal, and

Research Methods for Managers Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Research Methods for Managers - Dissertation Example Data Analysis 18 Organizational variables and gender 19 Organizational variables and the profile variables: age, civil status, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, position and work experience 19 3.7. Resources Needed 20 4.0. Timetable and References 4.1. Timetable 21 4.2. References 22 4.3. Bibliography 25 5.0. Appendices 5.1. The Research Instrument 26 5.2. Coding Guide for the Survey Responses 30 5.3. Interpretation Guide for the Organizational Diagnosis 31 An organisational diagnosis of General Guardian Insurance Limited using the Weisbord six-box model : Inputs for internal strategy formulation 1.0. Introduction In a general context, organisational diagnosis may be defined as a tool by which specific knowledge pertaining to reality in an organisation may be established in order to guide managers and other decision makers in understanding the organisation as well as its essential elements, and in formulating necessary interventions (Grave, Gimenez, Mendez & Crubellate, 2001). An orga nizational diagnosis may be likened to a general medical check-up where individuals submit themselves to, not because there are perceptible or felt symptoms, but as a precautionary measure for health promotion. However, more often than not, people undergo a medical examination just a little too late when symptoms of illnesses are already apparent. In this regard, the old cliche that â€Å"an ounce of prevention is better than a pound of cure† also proves true not only for humans but also for organizations. Organizational diagnostics, like medical doctors, are applicable both for routinary check-up or as inputs for the formulation of interventions when issues arise which tend to compromise the overall efficacy of an organization. 1.1. Background Guardian General Insurance Limited (GGIL) was established some nine years ago as a purely property and casualty insurer. GGIL is not, however, a newbie in the insurance market. In fact, GGIL can boast of its 50-year experience under th e wings of Guardian Holdings Limited (GHL). As the new millennium dawned, GHL acquired a couple of big insurance companies in Trinidad – the NEM Insurance Limited, which specialized in property and casualty insurance in Trinidad and Tobago; and the Caribbean Home Insurance, which also maintained health insurance portfolio in addition to their property and casualty business in Trinidad and Tobago and Barbados. To date, GGIL is the largest property and casualty insurer which is purely Caribbean owned (GGIL, 2010). In the most recent statement published by GGIL top executives, management straightforwardly reported a loss of 821 million dollars, the organization’s biggest loss in history (Jack & Mack, 2010). The two executives, however, assured their clients that the GGIL board of directors â€Å"have the ability to analyze, and the skill to execute, on good acquisitions† (Jack & Mack, 2010, p. 6). Additionally, Jack and Mack (2010) affirmed that experiencing losses in any business is not acceptable and that the size of the loss is definitely painful. The loss was also admitted to be self-inflicted as a consequence of poor judgement on one acquisition. In spite of these developments, GGIL was declared to remain ‘solid as a rock’. Meanwhile, Tam-Marks (2006) maintained that the insurance industry in Trinidad and Tobago is now being regulated through risk-based examinations, as opposed to the previous practice of compliance-based and transaction-testing examinations. The present regulatory framework in Trinidad and T

Characteristics of Women That Attract Men Essay Example for Free

Characteristics of Women That Attract Men Essay 2.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 2.1 Research Sample We were searching for a characteristics of woman that attract men. After all, we distributed the questionnaire among Labuan Matriculation Colleges’ student (LMC) 2012/13 to get the specific answer. The questions are universal which can be answer by both gender, male and female. All the respondent are majority from Sabah and Sarawak, while some are from Peninsular Malaysia who studying in LMC. In this research, we were only focusing on teenagers, from age 19 to 20 as we believed, most individu starts to get serious in searching a life partner around this age circle. 2.2 Research Instrument Categorical and multiple-choices style of questions had been used in this questionnaire. Categorical style are most commonly use to determine the respondent’s life background, while, in order to prove the objectives, multiple-choices answer are given to help the respondents to answer bunch of questions. 2.3 Research Procedure After finished discussing the research’s topic, we combined all the ideas from the four heads of us to one paper. We justified the questions to be more specific and most important is , the questions must be interesting and easy to be answer. This is because, based on our own experienced, people will easily get bore when answering a question that sounds boring and difficult to answer, especially those question which you have to state a reason for some answer. So, in order to make sure the surveys is in the bag, we try to make it simple and easy as we can. Afterwards, we submitted the softcopy to our subject’s lecturer and wait for her approval. Next, we distributed the questionnaires to all the respondent in LMC during rest hour at cafeteria. There were 90 copies of questionnaire. 45 answered by male students age 19-20 while the rest answered by the opposite sex. It only took about 3minutes for each person to answer. Since both male and female can answer all the questions, we can see, there are a lot of different opinion between these two genders. Finally, making analysis is the hardest step to do when we have to check the answers one-by-one. However, it become easier when each of us showed cooperativity and helping each other.

The Crucible by Arthur Miller Essay Example for Free

The Crucible by Arthur Miller Essay he Crucible emerged from a true story which makes the play more convincing. It was based on the Salem, Massachusetts Witch Trial in 1629. At the time people were extremely religious and believed in witchcraft and devilry. It was strictly forbidden for people to dance, sing, and laugh and if they were discovered doing these activities, they were accused of witchcraft and many were to die of this. Miller decided to write a play which would heighten Americas awareness of the impending of the communist in the 1950s. It is important for the audience to understand the historical background, and understand what living in Salem, Massachusetts was like in the 17th Century. The people of Salem were Puritans- descendents of the Pilgrim Father, who arrived in America from England in 1960 because they wanted a stricter way of life with regard to their religion. Their lives consisted of working, eating, sleeping and praying. Any kind of enjoyment was prohibited. This meant that singing and dancing was forbidden and seen as an interaction with the devil. People of Salem believed in witchcraft, and in 1692, many people were accused and hanged because of this. People incriminated each other, both neighbours and friends. This shows that although on the surface, society appears united, cracks were beginning to emerge. In the 1950s there was a modern day witch hunt in America. Instead of hunting witches Free thinkers, That is people who had individual thoughts were accused of disloyalty and communist sympathies, which often resulted in loss of their jobs. In order to protect themselves, just as in The Crucible, they blamed others. The Crucible was inspired by Millers experiences of the 1950s. It was Senator Joseph McCarthy who created the hunt for communists. The similarities between the Crucible and McCarthys accusations of the 1950s were denounced. Without proof or evidence the inciting of fear and suspicion would lead in the 1950s to the eventual break up of families and friendship as people accused each other of disloyal acts against America. This was to lead to America becoming permeated by paranoia and scepticism. Before the audience even meets Abigail, they find out that she is a trouble maker with an endless capacity for dissembling. In the opening act between Parris and Abigail, tension rises as Parris persistently questions her about the night they were dancing in the woods, what did you do with her in the forest? But Abigail denies any accusations and always defends herself, But we never conjured spirits. However Parris does not stop questioning her and feelings begin to heighten when he mentions witchcraft, trafficked with spirits in the forest. Abigail vehemently assents herself by saying, we never conjured spirits. At this stage she is trying to defuse the situation but the audience are already experiencing a steady rise in tension.

Environmental Management System of Starbucks Coffee

Environmental Management System of Starbucks Coffee Background of the company Starbucks Coffee is the number one purveyor of coffee in the world. Starbucks Coffee is an American global coffee company and coffeehouse chain based in Seattle, Washington. Moreover, Starbucks Company is the largest coffeehouse company in the world ahead of Costa Coffee, with 20,737 stores worldwide. Howard Schultz, the Chairman and CEO of Starbucks . With what stated above, Howard is actually trying to make Starbucks a second home in our daily lives. That is why, they are trying to bring ‘family’ into the picture whereby people of all ages can come to Starbucks and enjoy themselves. Starbucks started their first store in 1971 opened in Seattle, Washington. Jerry Baldwin, Zev Siegl and Gordon Bowker got the idea from Alfred Peet of opening Starbucks coffee store. Starbucks is now introducing a healthier option of food and drinks for children. Therefore, working parents can now enjoy their cup of coffee while doing their work without worrying about what food and drinks t heir children can consume. Furthermore, with a family concept it too can build a closer relationship between families. Introduction to the services / products of the company Starbucks is very particular about meeting all their customers’ needs. The environment of their outlet is well equipped from friendly staff, a comfy place to relax to enjoy a good cup of coffee with your loved ones and not to mention good Wi-Fi. Thus, working parents can come to Starbucks and do their work without feeling stressed out. All in all, Starbucks is the perfect place for families to dine in. In addition, Starbucks serve both hot and cold beverages, whole-bean coffee, micro-ground instant coffee, full-leaf teas and also snacks. Most Starbucks stores also sell pre-packaged food items, hot and cold sandwiches, and items such as mugs and tumblers. Since 1987, Starbucks had opened an average of two new stores every day and had been profitable as local company in early 1980s. In addition the store initially sold just coffee beans and coffee making equipment rather than the drinks they had become famous nowadays. Starbucks is also famous for having good services and serve good quality of coffee. Moreover, Starbucks also introduced the new drive-thru concept stores with consistency in kind so that customers have the option to enjoy their favorite coffee on the go, or at the store should they prefer to stretch their legs and relax. Identification of the potential environmental impacts that maybe caused by the services / products of the company. (10marks) Overall, Starbucks Coffee is recognized by many environmental associations for their endless contribution as a â€Å"Green† company. Throughout the process of growing, processing and transporting the coffee beans, Starbucks Coffee has been in support of environmentally-sound coffee growing practices and to ensure the sustainability of its product supply. Starbucks Coffee strives to reduce their environmental impact through some initiatives targeting issues like recycle, reuse, waste reduction as well as education partners and consumers. However, there are some negative environmental impacts that are caused by the services and products of Starbucks Coffee. Firstly, based on the Starbucks 2007 CSR Annual Report, each Starbucks Coffee store uses 6.78kW/h of electricity, 0.058 thermos of natural gas, and 25 gallons of water, on average, per square foot per month (Saed, 2009). The most serious environmental impact is water wastage. Recently, Starbucks Coffee is criticized by environmental experts for wasting 23.4 million liters of water per day caused by running taps at its nearly 10,000 outlets worldwide (Saed, 2009). The wastage of water is a threat to the environment and wildlife as the tap water is sourced from rivers and underground water. Since coffees are brewed and served to customers in packaging like paper cups, undoubtedly another inevitable wastage of Starbucks Coffee is its coffee cups. It is estimated that the company produces more than 2 billion paper cups per year (Mother Nature Network Holding Company, 2010). Since Starbucks Coffee uses disposable paper cups made of 10% recycled paper fiber and 90% new paper, enormous quantity of natural resources like trees, water and energy are required for the processing of the paper cups. In addition to that, the company’s paper cups are laminated with plastic resin lining, thus are unable to be recycled. After consuming their coffees, the paper cups are highly likely to end up in a landfill in which decomposing of the paper cups occurs. This will result in the release of methane gas, which is a greenhouse gas with 23 times the heat-trapping power of carbon dioxide (Saed, 2009). Emission of this greenhouse gas causes greenhouse effect which will lead to global wa rming. Although Starbucks Coffee is encouraging customers to bring in their own reusable cups and enjoy a 10% discount by doing so, more initiative is needed to motivate customers to be more environmental-friendly. The company’s environmental management system. There are five environmental management system that have been implement by Starbuck Company are building greener stores, recycling reducing waste, Starbucks recycling infrastructure, reducing waste with reusable Cups and water conservation. First Starbuck build greener stores. Starbuck is a store that having LEED ® Certified Stores. They have created environmental awareness on a global scale since from the design stage right through to construction and operations. Besides that, Starbuck also pay attention in energy conservation renewable energy, they have pay attention and committed to reducing the quantity of using energy and also supporting new, renewable solutions and prefer to use the energy in the green way. Second, recycling and reducing waste. Starbuck company said that they have 39% of their retail stores in USA AND Canada were able to offer front of store recycling and 71% of coffee were able to recycle and be a fertilizer. Starbuck also working with Paper Recovery Alliance to increase acceptance of their materials while customize their recycling program to accommodate varying regional requirements as much as possible. Besides that, in 2013 Starbuck have 80%(more than 3,200) of their stores in USA and Canada have recycled cardboard boxes and other back-of-store items. Starbuck Company also encourage their customers to find out if their packaging is recyclable in their neighbourhoods at Earth 911. Third, Starbuck recycling infrastructure. Starbuck Company proves that the cups that they are using can be accepted as a valuable raw material in a variety of recycling systems. Starbuck also working and collaboration as a member of the Foodservice Packaging Institute’s Paper Recovery Alliance and the Plastics Recovery Group to find and bring up solutions to scale and address common challenges. Fourth, reducing waste with reusable cups. Reusable cups are an important component for Starbuck Company in the waste reduction strategy. Since 1985 Starbuck rewarded customer with 5% discounts that bring their personal tumblers and 5% of the beverages made in their stores in tumblers and brought in by their customers. I felt that this is the effective way to encourage people to involve in recycling.      Lastly, water conservation. In 2008, Starbuck Company has set a goal to reduce water consumption by 25% in 2015. Since then, they have identified a number of opportunities to use this precious resource more wisely and spent the last few years testing and validating these solutions. They have cut water consumption by 21.1% through several measures, including the use of efficient fixtures and equipment that actively monitors consumption to identify spikes in water usage and taking action and upgrading the water filtration systems in their stores to take care and protect about the cleanness of river and streams. Starbuck Company have also dominate water extends to water consumption, protection and serving clean water in coffee-growing communities. Through C.A.F.E. Practices and the resources, Agronomists of Starbuck Company have provide coffee farmers at their six farmer support centers around the world, Starbuck Company help increase their yield and quality, while still reducing the water usage for coffee processing and ensuring workers have access clean drinking water to provide customers a good and clean coffee. What are Starbuck doing now are managing water that can be seen â€Å"going down the drain† provides one set of challenges, but much of their water footprint happens behind the scenes. Leaks can develop below floors, outside in sprinkler systems, even in toilets. To combat these invisible enemy, Starbucks Energy and Resource Conservation team uses advanced analytics to identify stores that are using excessive amounts of water. Facilities experts will visit the stores that are using excessive amounts of water to diagnose and rectify aberrant. This practice has relief in excessive water use. The company objectives whether it complies with SMART approach in EMS. The Starbucks Company has complied with SMART approach in EMS. The company has specific target to address, measurable target with showing percentage, achievable target, realistic with showing how they achieve the target, and time-bound. The Starbucks Company is searching the ways to reduce environmental footprint, tackle climate change and stimulate others to do the same. The company have specific target to achieve their objectives such as reducing and recycling waste, energy conservation, water conservation, and building greener stores. For the specific target of reducing and recycling waste, the Starbucks Company has a measurable plan that to have recycling available in all of their stores and serve 5% of beverages in reusable cups by 2015. The target is achievable and realistic because the Starbucks Company offered a 10-cent discount for customer in order to encourage customers to use reusable tumblers or mugs for their beverage in the US and Canada. Furthermore, the customers who drink hot beverage in store are served with ceramic mugs. Besides, cardboard boxes, milk jugs, syrup bottles, and coffee grounds which can be found behind the counter are sent to recycling services but recycling success depends on the obtainability of commercial recycling services where the store is located. Another specific target is energy conservation, time-bound is year 2015, the Starbucks Company has measurable target that commit to reduce 25% of energy consumption and to cover 100% electricity consumption with renewable energy. The target is achievable and realistic because the company has made substantial progress in developing and understanding new approaches to reduce energy consumption in the last few years and continue to find additional renewable solutions. Furthermore, the specific target of water conservation, the Starbucks Company commit to reduce 25% water usage in all their stores by 2015. The target is achievable and realistic because the company has changed continuous streams of water to manual faucets, and clean blender jugs using a blast of higher pressure water instead of open tap. Besides, the company also plans to install efficient water fixtures, such as toilets, spray heads used to rinse dishes, and low-flow faucets in new stores. Alternative ways to improve environmental performance of the company beside the approach stated in company policy. Recycling and reducing waste About the cup being used, there are many ways to reduce the cup waste through encourage customer to use ceramic mug. Offer discount for using ceramic mug and their own cup instead of only their Starbuck brand cup. When staff giving order, may ask customer for using ceramic mug if they are having their coffee in the shop. Use ceramic mug also for customers when request for water, reduce the use of paper and plastic cup possible. In addition, customer environmental awareness is important too, not provide paper tissue in self-counter which customer use extravagance, is only provided one to two tissue for them when purchasing one drink. Energy conservation Energy play an important role in a coffee shop, from roasting coffee to the whole shop, it use energy. However to reduce the use of energy is difficulty, even the LED lighting was installed, but it just reduce not much percent. There is a way to reduce one of the use of energy which is HVAC system: heating, ventilation, cooling. It could consider landscaping the outdoor environment, put some comfortable furniture at outdoor, have a cover and more plant to make it a cool place and good ventilation. If customer prefer have drink at outside rather than indoor, thus it could save more facilities provided. Water conservation Water is everything for the Starbuck’s business, from the making beverages until the cleaning job, all about the water. A small wisdom of life for cleaning, we can use the water in a useful way which use more than one. For example, use the water to flush toilet after wash the vegetables and fruits, and after mop the indoor would use the water to flush the outdoor. Moreover, there are many save water technique offer in the market. In the market, there is a save water toilet which only flush 1.5 liter water once instead of normal 3 liter water, it save 50% of water in normal toilet use. In order to save water, sensory faucet would also consider to use for customer and staff, it will come out right amount water for wash hand. Tackling climate change Currently Starbucks’s coffee-growing communities in Sumatra, Indonesia, and Chiapas, Mexico, however there are many Starbucks store in different countries. In other means, there is a high cost for transfer the coffee bean to each country which only from certain coffee-growing communities, it also consume a lot of fuel. Fuel is precious naturals mineral, one day there will be exhausted. There is a way to reduce the use of fuel which is develop more coffee-growing communities in different countries so that coffee bean can get in local and not transfer from other place, it also benefit to reduce cost of the beverage. References Mother Nature Network Holding Company (2010). Starbucks and the Environment. Retrieved on November 22, 2014 from: http://www.mnn.com/money/sustainable-business-practices/stories/starbucks-and-the-environment Saed, T. (2009). The Impact of One Cup of Starbucks Coffee. Retrieved on November 22, 2014 from: http://globalcitizens.pbworks.com/w/page/9036435/The%20Impact%20of%20One%20Cup%20of%20Starbucks%20Coffee Taylor,B. Kelly,J. (2013)Global Responsibility Report Goals Progress 2013. Retrieved from http://www.starbucks.com/responsibility/global-report. Starbucks Corporation. (2014). Environmental Stewardship. Retrieved from http://www.starbucks.com.my/responsibility/environment.

Shakespeare in Contemporary Movies Essay -- William Shakespeare Films

Shakespeare in Contemporary Movies In the middle of Looking for Richard, Al Pacino's documentary about making Richard III and bringing Shakespeare to the people, there is a moment which illuminates the relationship of scholarship, Shakespeare and popular culture. The director is ranting at Pacino for offering (threatening?) to bring a Shakespearean scholar into the film: You said you were going to find a scholar to speak directly into the camera and explain what really went down and I'm telling you that is ridiculous, that you know more about Richard III than any fucking scholar at Columbia or Harvard. Pacino tries to calm his friend down by pointing out that everyone, even a scholar, is entitled to an opinion about Shakespeare and that is the point of the film, to collect all opinions. In response, the director, intensely frustrated, explodes, "but why does he get to speak directly to the camera!?" If Shakespeare has become a secular bible for contemporary America, then the scholars, at Harvard, Columbia, or anywhere else, are the priests who interpret the holy writ for the uneducated masses. When academics insist that Shakespeare be read without "translation" into modern English, they do so because they believe that a great part of the value lies in the language. But America is a (largely) Protestant country and the masses have long since rebelled against the authority of priests and their interpretations of sacred texts. Shakespeare is respected not just as literature but as a repository of great truths; at the same time, people often mistrust and reject him as too "upper-class." Pacino does eventually allow a scholar to speak directly to the camera, but this serves only to undercut his autho... ...est. In each case (and especially in Renaissance Man), what those who use Shakespeare gain is just a way to fit into the world more comfortably. And in Dead Poets Society, Shakespeare is seen as creating a split too wide to be healed, leading to suicide. But even in other cases, the fragmented text is a way into the world of power and privilege, not a radical reordering of that world. Instead, popular culture’s freeing of Shakespeare results only in the individual readers agreeing to take over the task of policing socially acceptable readings and uses of the secular bible. Works cited Barthes, Roland. Mythologies. Trans. Annette Lavers. New York: Farrar, 1972. Burt, Richard. "The Love that Dare Not Speak Shakespeare’s Name: New Shakesqueer Cinema" in Shakespeare the Movie. Ed. Lynda E. Boose and Richard Burt. London and New York: Routledge, 1997. 240-268.

Essay --

Gender roles have been a predominant factor in our world since the early emergence of human societies. They are based on expectations that societies have over the people in them. Gender roles have always been a part of society, whether they are positive or negative. The Epic of Sunjata, shows us how men and women are treated almost equally in different forms. Women are praised for their ability to birth leaders, which is similar to the early Greek Society. In most societies, women are treated less equal than men. This was prevalent in the early Indian society. No matter the gender role, it has been shown that any society cannot survive without both men and women. As we studied in class, early Indian culture and society in 300 C.E., the Hindu society was dominated by the caste system, which influenced almost every aspect of life. Each caste had its own particular dharma, carrying with rights, obligations and restrictions. Beyond this was a generalized dharma applicable to all: deference to the Brahmins, devotion to the gods, and reverence for the Ganges and for sacred cattle. Procreation too, was considered a sacred duty: large families were seen as blessings from the gods, and any attempt to limit family size was frowned upon. Since reproduction was essential to reincarnation, for most people marriage and parenthood were moral obligations. Naturally, to fulfill their dharma, people had to marry within their caste. Unwillingly to leave such a crucial concern to romance or personal choice, parents arranged proper unions for their children, sometimes at ages as young as eight or nine, before sexual attraction had a chance to complicate things. Indian society was patriarchal, centered on villages and extended families dominated by ... ...o Greek polis ever granted them. Athenian women, in contrast, were confined to the home, except for infrequent occasions such as celebrations or funerals. As full citizens of a state that relied on substantial male political participation, Athenian husbands possessed nearly total authority over their households and everyone living in them. A woman was protected by her father or male guardian until she married; if divorced or widowed, she returned to him Virginity before marriage was highly prized for both men and women. After marriage, wives were expected to remain faithful, but a husband’s casual adultery, particularly when away from home, was not considered immoral. Wives ran from their households, supervised slaves and wove clothing for family members. Once menopause occurred, Athenian women enjoyed greater freedom, working as midwives, nurses and seamstresses.

Grapes Of Wrath - Characterization :: John Steinbeck and Robert Demott

Evidence/ Quotations from the Text: "Winfield was breathless in his telling. 'So then they fit, an' that big girl hit Ruthie a good one, an' Ruthie said her brother'd kill that big girl's brother. An' then- an' then, Ruthie said our brother already kil't two fellas. An'- an' that big girl said, 'Oh yeah! You're jus' a litlle smarty liar.' An' Ruthie said, 'Oh yeah? Well, our brother's a- hiding right now from killin' a fella, an' he can kill that big girl's brother too" (456). "Muley continued, 'Well, sir, it's a funny thing. Somepin went an' happened to me when they tol' me I had to get off the place. .. Then all my folks all went away out west. An' I got wanderin' aroun'. Jus' walkin' aroun'. Never went far. Slep' where I was... I'd tell myself, 'I'm lookin' after things so when all the folks come back it'll be all right.' But I knowed that wan't true. There ain't nothin' to look after. The folks ain't never comin' back. I'm jus' wanderin' aroun' like a damn ol' graveyard ghos" (54). Analysis/ Commentary: At the camp, Ruthie becomes engaged in an argument that leads to serious consequences. In an effort to preserve her Cracker Jacks, she threatens to call upon her brother, who has killed two men and is now in hiding. Ruthie's revelation endangers Tom and forces him to abandon both his hideout and family. Ma, whose primary goal has been to keep the family together, must bid another painful farewell. Through his speech, Muley reveals that he is stubborn and refuses to accept the fact that things have changed. His home has been seized, and his family migrated to California, but he refuses to leave the land. Muley roams the countryside alone, sleeping and eating like a wild animal. Evidence/ Quotations from the Text "John shook his head. "No. Go on. Ain't goin'. Gonna res' here. No good goin' back. No good to nobody-jus' a draggin' my sins like dirty drawers 'mongst nice folks. No. Ain't goin'....Go ri' 'long. I ain't no good. I ain't no good. Jus' a-draggin' my sins, a-dirtyin' ever'body." (305). "For a minute Rose of Sharon sat still in the whispering barn. Then she hoisted her tired body up and drew the comfort about her. She moved slowly to the corner and stood looking down at the wasted face, into the wide, frightened eyes. Then slowly she lay down beside him. Grapes Of Wrath - Characterization :: John Steinbeck and Robert Demott Evidence/ Quotations from the Text: "Winfield was breathless in his telling. 'So then they fit, an' that big girl hit Ruthie a good one, an' Ruthie said her brother'd kill that big girl's brother. An' then- an' then, Ruthie said our brother already kil't two fellas. An'- an' that big girl said, 'Oh yeah! You're jus' a litlle smarty liar.' An' Ruthie said, 'Oh yeah? Well, our brother's a- hiding right now from killin' a fella, an' he can kill that big girl's brother too" (456). "Muley continued, 'Well, sir, it's a funny thing. Somepin went an' happened to me when they tol' me I had to get off the place. .. Then all my folks all went away out west. An' I got wanderin' aroun'. Jus' walkin' aroun'. Never went far. Slep' where I was... I'd tell myself, 'I'm lookin' after things so when all the folks come back it'll be all right.' But I knowed that wan't true. There ain't nothin' to look after. The folks ain't never comin' back. I'm jus' wanderin' aroun' like a damn ol' graveyard ghos" (54). Analysis/ Commentary: At the camp, Ruthie becomes engaged in an argument that leads to serious consequences. In an effort to preserve her Cracker Jacks, she threatens to call upon her brother, who has killed two men and is now in hiding. Ruthie's revelation endangers Tom and forces him to abandon both his hideout and family. Ma, whose primary goal has been to keep the family together, must bid another painful farewell. Through his speech, Muley reveals that he is stubborn and refuses to accept the fact that things have changed. His home has been seized, and his family migrated to California, but he refuses to leave the land. Muley roams the countryside alone, sleeping and eating like a wild animal. Evidence/ Quotations from the Text "John shook his head. "No. Go on. Ain't goin'. Gonna res' here. No good goin' back. No good to nobody-jus' a draggin' my sins like dirty drawers 'mongst nice folks. No. Ain't goin'....Go ri' 'long. I ain't no good. I ain't no good. Jus' a-draggin' my sins, a-dirtyin' ever'body." (305). "For a minute Rose of Sharon sat still in the whispering barn. Then she hoisted her tired body up and drew the comfort about her. She moved slowly to the corner and stood looking down at the wasted face, into the wide, frightened eyes. Then slowly she lay down beside him.

Factors Affecting Essay

Few markets avoid change, which involves new products or new ways of making existing products. Some industries are more likely to undergo substantial changes brought about by new technologies and new adaptations of existing technologies. The IT, computer and mobile phone markets are experiencing more innovation than most. How do businesses benefit from introducing radical new products and what factors influence the range and pace of innovation? Spending on research and development (R&D) is growing globally and in most industrial sectors. The benefits to a country of encouraging R&D spending include: †¢creation of high-tech jobs †¢creation of high-added-value products that may then be manufactured in that country †¢prestige – a country being linked to scientific and technological breakthroughs †¢Attraction of investment by multinational corporations. Several factors may influence the level of research and development (R&D) and innovation by a business: †¢The nature of the industry. Rapidly changing technologies – and consumer expectations – in pharmaceutical products, defense, computer and software products and motor vehicles lead to the need for substantial investment in R&D by leading firms. Other businesses, such as hotels and hairdressing, would need to spend much less as the scope for innovation is more limited. †¢The R&D and innovation spending plans of competitors. In most markets, it is essential to innovate as much as or more than competitors if market share and technical leadership are to be maintained. However, a monopoly may limit R&D spending if it believes that the risk of a more technically advanced competitor entering the market is limited. On the other hand, profits from a monopoly could be used to finance research into innovative products if the risk of competitor entry into the industry is high. †¢Business expectations. If business managers are optimistic about the future state of the economy and the rate of economic growth and consumer demand, then they are more likely to agree to substantial budgets for R&D and aim to introduce more innovative products. †¢The risk profile or culture of the business. The attitude of the management to risk and whether shareholders are prepared to invest for the long term will have a significant effect on the sums that businesses can inject into R&D programmes. ‘Short-termism’ is an accusation made towards many major UK financial institutions and the need to satisfy these investors could discourage managers from investing in R&D. Government policy towards grants to businesses and universities for R&D programmes and the range and scope of tax allowances for such expenditure will influence decisions by businesses. †¢Finance is needed for effective R&D. In many firms this may be limited and will restrict the number of new innovations that could be made. Reference: http://classof1.com/homework-help/operations-management-homework-help View as multi-pages

Metapath Case Essay

Metapath was a hi-tech company providing software products for wireless carriers. It had a revenue of 22 million and was emerging as the premier company in its market space. The ultimate goal of the founder, Hansen, was to see the Metapath go IPO in two years. However, this company confronted two main obstacles for that goal: concentrated customers and fluctuant quarterly revenues. To expand his business and also solve these problems, Hansen need to again raise more money. Like most of the software companies, Metapath demands continuously money supply during the premature period of its life. The main financial strategy of Metaph was to raise several rounds of money by turning to venture capital investors: get money from them in exchange for Metapath’s preferred stock and a promise to redeem or convert to commom stock in event of IPO. It had raised $ 9 million in four rounds of financing before 1997, in which STI and Bessemer participated in the first two rounds. Unlike the fol lowing standard convertible preferred stock instruments, these first two rounds had a structure called â€Å"straight redeemable, cheap common†, which required a principal payment in the future, making the two classes of preferred stock more like debts. Therefore, by paying yearly (or quarterly) dividends and guarantying the safety of principle value to venture investors, Metapath raised its first four rounds of capital. Selling the company to CellTech could bring Metapath many advantages. First, CellTech offered an attractive price $115 million, relatively large for a premature company with revenue of 25.6 million and negative income -$1.9 million. Second, it was already an public company, which prevented the dilution of possible further financings. Third, by merging with CellTech, Metapath could achieve synergy from expertise of CellTech’s engineers, and the fully-formed marketing and domestic sales organization. However, since the merging was plan to be in stock exchange and CellTech had gone public only few months, information could be limited to value its stock price fairly. Also in the big environment of late 1990s, too much investments in high-tech companies made this industry overheated, and CellTech could be overvalued by analysts. For the VC option RSC offered, one big advantage was that the immediate cash flow of $11.75 million, which would be very helpful for Metapath’s operation. Another advantage was that it bought time for Metapath to initiate an independent IPO in the future, which had potential to worth more than CallTech offered. But it brought  concerns to Metapath as well. RSC brought up the strike term called â€Å"participating convertible preferred stock†, at which holder could not only convert from the preferred stock, but also in the event of sale, receive face value and participate in further consideration of common stock. This term could make a sale of Metapath extremely dilutive to the founders.

Relationship between IQ and GPA Essay

In this study, relationship between Intelligence Quotients (IQ) and Grade Point Average (GPA), the correlation is very strong. Correlation is known to be a positive. The meaning of this correlation is the relationship between the Intelligence Quotients (IQ) and the Grade Point Average (GPA). This correlation implies that individual with high Intelligence Quotients (IQ) have a high Grade Point Average (GPA), in my opinion it does imply that the having a higher IQ means that you brain is Intelligence Quotients. This means you are smarter, therefore your GPA will be higher. This correlation by the information was giving to me, did not have enough information to tell if having a high IQ causes higher GPA. More evidence would have been needed to answer this question appropriate. Students who have metal impairment or other mental disabilities where not mention in this case study in order to determine if it would influence this relationship. The connection between correlation and causation is according to text is the two characteristics co-vary, or vary together, does not resume that one necessary cause the other. Some of the factors that affect the size of this correlation are shapes of distribution, sample sizes, outliers, restriction of range,  aggregate samples, ecological, inferences, random error of measurement, and correlations with third variables (Chen & Popovich, 2002). Correlation is a good predicting GPA for this test because it allows one to compare variables together on one chart. Reference Chen Y, Peter. & Popovich M, Paula. (2012). Factors Affecting the Size and Interpretation of Pearson’s Saga Research Methods.Retrieved from http://srmo.sagopub.com/view/correlation/d35.xml

Effects of unemployment Essay

The stabilization of human personalities; every individual child or adult needs emotional security and a source of release from stresses and strains of every day life. This provided by emotional support of partners and the chance for parents to indulge with their children. This helps to prevent stress from overwhelming the individual and threatening the stability of family and society. Parents provides economic support to its members particularly when they are young, paying for expensive personal items as well as child care. This financial support at times can be extended beyond infant hood with extra cost such as private education or higher education. Other functions of individuals in employment, tend to provide economic and emotional support when a member of the family is ill, disabled or in poverty. Financially stable families offer economic, cultural and social support that allows status and the prospects of social mobility for its members. But all this can be changed by a single life event in a person’s life as well as their families and it can be significantly devastating. A persons health and well being is significantly influenced by the life events and the effects of the social environment that they live in. these events can effect our health and wellbeing when a change of circumstances occurs. The aim of this essay is to explore how this life of events can change a person’s health and wellbeing for example: psychologically, physically, and socially and their behaviour. Events like losing a job has a great impact on a person’s life and their family members, it can also affect a person’s health and well being. A financially stable person losing their source of income can be devastating and can cause emotional distress and depression. (NHS research 2009) states that the most common cause of stress in today’s society is relationship breakdown, loss of a job, money issues and moving house. Stress can result fro, continuous causes, changeable, unpredictable or predictable causes e.g. life events or occupational demands (psychology through diagrams). Homes and rahe (1967) states that stress can be caused by greater susceptibility to physical mental health disorders (psychology through diagrams p. 194) stress can lead to a person’s behaviour change. A person might start smoking to try and relieve stress. (Dr Parrot American medical journal) states that smokers mistakenly believe that cigarette  smoking can help relieve stress. (Live bates) director of ASH explains further that cigarette smokers experience the relief from their addiction but of stress. Cigarette dependency can gradually disappear when one makes a choice to quit. Smoking is addictive and is harmful to a person’s health internally and also externally. Smoking causes high blood pressure, raised heart beats , shortness of breath, chronic coughing , impotence and infertility, long term smokers have a higher risk of developing respiratory track infection and lung cancer which means smoking can cause death. Recent studies show that thousands of people all over the world die each year from medical complications which are caused by smoking (smoking advice information). In the United States smoking remains the greatest preventable cause of death (journal of environmental and public health 2012 may 4th). Smoking is another expensive addiction which can add more strain on a non income household. Smoking is an addiction and addictions need feeding, that means that the little money that coming into the house hold could be spent on feeding the addiction , leaving no money for food, rent and basic things which sustain a house hold. This leads to changing diet to cheaper food stuffs which are most likely to be unhealthy. Low income leads to an unhealthy diet which mostly is high in sugar and fat. Leading this new life style can cause a person to become obese and can also affect their health and well being. (Drewnowski, 2010) healthy food is more expensive than unhealthy food. Unhealthy food is easily accessible in low income households there fore it is seen as the easiest option even thought they are full of sugar, unrefined grams of fat Diet which is full of sugar and fat is not good for human bodies because it leads to health problems. Children who suffer from blood pressure and high type 2 diabetes, Are at high to a high risk of cardiovascular disease. Also children are likely to become obese when they grow up. (2009 paediatric nutrition s. system) (Minister for public health) stresses that, it is a heart-breaking fact family from low income survive from bad food and they are at high risk from obesity. Most of the families on low income are people who are on benefits. DR Gerry Spence comments that most families on benefits suffer from obesity and they most likely rely on eating out of the chippy and on convenience stores. Also once a person loses his or her job the effect s can be devastating if they cannot be able to keep up with their mortgage, their home is at risk of  being repossessed which could lead to homelessness, homelessness starts in reduction of availability of affordable housing and economic stresses in society. This leads to families having to move to different areas which they can afford. Moving houses and changing school can b devastating to both children and parents. Children’s education can be highly affected by this change of school environment according to Stuart hall and Janet pawney; homelessness could have a very bad effect on a child’s education and health. In most cases when people are evicted or lose their housing due to other causes, most of them are housed by their local councils, if they are lucky they can be offered a council house. Most of the council houses according to parents and professionals are not present at all. Most of them are in very poor states of repair and also might be damp and mouldy which can affect a person’s health and well being for example dampened accommodation can cause respiratory conditions to worsen. Also in this situation children are more exposed to tobacco smoke lack of study space and also lack of sleep at night as a result of a rowdy neighbourhood. This change of location affects adults as well as children. Children can become lonely because they have left their families or have not been able to make friends. They feel isolated and this can lead to social isolation which is another cause of poor health. According to (R.C.N) people who are from socially included neighbourhood experience poor health outcome this include self reported health morbidity and life expectancy. Also children from socially excluded neighbourhoods are more likely to get involved in crime. They may get involved with other children in the neighbourhood or school who are involved in unhealthy activities for example drugs, alcohol and smoking. These activities are usually caused by children joining gangs who participate in these events. The peer pressures caused by the gangs are what lead to these unhealthy activities. Office of (D.P.M 2004 September 9th) states that in most cases social exclusion is concentrated in the poorest communities and neighbourhoods. When a person is socially excluded they find it hard to creatively take part in most of the society’s activities for example taking part in local elections, leisure centres which are available in the community. This can have a long term effect on them when they grow up; they might find it very hard to achieve good grades which can lead to unemployment in the future. (DPM 2004) states that education can be used to  predict future outcomes in the areas of employability, health, criminal activity and earnings. This can also be used to achieve a reduction in social exclusion. In this we have discovered that social exclusion is the gap between those who are forced to the fringe and those who are active members of the society. We have seen how socially exclusion can affect our health and wellbeing. Also our behaviour, we have seen that social exclusion can have a great impact on children’s education which can determine their future employability, health, criminal activities and earnings. This essay explores how we live can affect our health and wellbeing. It van have an impact on a persons mental health, behaviour and physical health problems. This essay shows how a one event can have a big impact on the whole family involved. It can affect the present and their tomorrow (future). The evidence shows that once a change of events in ones life and how the person deals with it negatively, it can be devastating. This is because our bodies react differently to stress. References: www.york.ac.uk/inst/spru/research/pdf/drivers.pdf Abnormal psychology by Richard gross& rob mcllvoen Http://www.smokingadvice.info/smoking-advice/effects-of-smoking.php http://www.hindawl.com/journals/jeph www.ash .org.uk/beyondsmokingkills.co.uk http://sciencenordic.com/how-stress-can-cause-depression AS & a level psychology through diagram by Grahame hill www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/lowincome.html/ The guardian July 9th 2013 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/homlessnes

Andersons View of The Grotesque

Anderson's View of The Grotesque In The Book of the Grosteques, the first story of his novel Winesburg, Ohio, Sherwood Anderson introduces the concept of the â€Å"grotesque.† This concept sets up the following stories in the novel, and can also be seen in other modernist texts following the publication of Winesburg, Ohio. Anderson specifically traces the birth of the grotesque back to a time when the world was pure, and a conglomeration of vague thoughts formed beautiful truths: â€Å"Man made the truths himself and each truth was a composite of a great many vague thoughts. All about in the world were the truths and they were all beautiful† (Anderson 12-14). However, people began to take up these truths and attempted to make them their own. What resulted was a distortion of these truths: they were turned into lies, and the people themselves became grotesque upon attempting to own these truths. The moment one of the people took one of the truths to himself, called it his truth, and tried to live his li fe by it, he became a grotesque and the truth he embraced became a falsehood† (Anderson 15-17). In developing his idea of grotesqueness, Anderson not only provides a key into how to read Winesburg, Ohio, but also articulates a way to portray characters by reducing them to a single characteristic. Modernist authors following Anderson, specifically Virginia Woolf and William Faulkner, latched onto this notion and created characters who defined themselves by a singular truth. Although effective, the implementation of this type of character as one-dimensional and symbolic becomes problematic in its oversimplification. These characters represent particular aspects of humanity, but the humanity is lost on them due to their lack of complexity. There is a distance between the reader and the read, because they are not believable, organic characters only caricatures. In her novel Mrs. Dalloway, Virginia Woolf expands on Anderson’s notion through the character of Peter Walsh. Woolf’s approach differs from Anderson’s in that some of her characters are grotesque in order to display the complexity of other characters, such as Clarissa Dalloway. The juxtaposition of Peter Walsh and Clarissa Dalloway positions Peter as an inadequate foil. They are by no means equally represented; Peter’s follies and vanities are exaggerated. Instead of sympathizing with Peter, we are disgusted by him. Clarissa is allowed both faults and triumphs, and her character is constructed as a human being rather than as a gross distortion of a few human characteristics. To follow suit with Anderson, Peter Walsh â€Å"snatches up† the truths of romantic love and youth. His dripping sentimentality serves as a threat to Clarissa’s impenetrability. Because Peter’s grotesque character is created to embody these truths, readers begin to conflate romantic love with his portrayal. This leaves few alternatives for love in the world of Mrs. Dalloway. The reader spurns Peter in favor of Clarissa, who has no room for this type of love: â€Å"Peter is her version of that repulsive brute with blood-red nostrils, human nature, and of that sexual and spiritual defilement it demands—that passionate and penetrating and soul-destroying love† (Spilka 332). Peter vacillates between resenting Clarissa and loving her completely. Clarissa’s powerful yet subtle presence is able to bring proud Peter to his knees, despite his superficial background of â€Å"journeys; rides; quarrels; adventures; bridge parties; love affairs; work’ work, work† (Woolf 46). Clarissa’s maintenance of a private self is perceived by Peter as â€Å"coldness.† However, when Woolf gives us such limited options, between Peter’s maudlin love and Clarissa’s platonic, subtle love, we choose Clarissa each time, in fear of the penetrating and soul-destroying love† that Peter represents and in favor of Clarissa’s â€Å"privacy of the soul† (Spilka 332; Woolf 138). Peter’s constant self-aggrandizement creates an unflattering portrait of an older man in love who has not yet matured. One of his more unflattering moments occurs during his chase of the young woman dressed in black. During this chase he views himself to be â€Å"an adventurer, reckless, he thought, swift, daring, indeed (landed as he was last night from India) a romantic buccaneer, careless of all these damned proprieties†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Woolf 57). For the one-dimensional Peter, this woman is a one-dimensional symbol of his youthful fire, which he revels in. After nearly two pages of this illusion, Peter gives up the chase in order to revel in the fantasy. The reader experiences the predictable, appalling deflation: â€Å"The girl, silk-stockinged, feathered, evanescent, but not to him particularly attractive (for he had had his fling) alighted† (Woolf 58). This unrealistic, chauvinistic fantasy serves to appall the reader and reveal the capricious nature of Peter†™s affections. Peters idealization of youth and his pride in understanding youth suggest a resistance against the natural process of aging: â€Å"for he understood young people, he liked them† (Woolf 52). His marriage to Daisy exemplifies his desire to hold on to youth. His inner monologues are riddled with judgments. In â€Å"Notes on the Grotesque,† James Schevill explains, â€Å"the grotesque is often beautiful because it is openly human and exposed† (Schevill 235). Unlike Woolfs detestable Peter Walsh, William Faulkner’s The Sound and the Fury portrays a more beautiful kind of grotesque. In the beginning of his section, the troubled Quentin Compson evokes the reader’s sympathy in a way that Peter Walsh cannot. This is because we believe Quentin’s torment to be poignant and justified, and we are drawn in by his pain and eloquence. However, as his section progresses, Quentin’s behavior becomes more erratic and less beautiful. His discussions with his father, coupled with his attempt to lure his sister into death or incest expose Quentin as a grotesque, inseparable from his obsessive, skewed perceptions of morality. In Mrs. Dalloway, Peter’s one-dimensionality serves to position Clarissa as a more complex and balanced character. In the case of Quentin and Caddy Compson, Quentin actually narrows Caddy’s character, bringing her down into his distorted vision. Through Quentin’s eyes, we see Caddy and Caddy’s â€Å"sin† as one. The reality is carried through this conflation without objection until the momentum of Quentin’s grief is interrupted with a memory of a conversation with Jason Compson, his father. The father and son are discussing the worth of virginity. Quentin remembers his father’s justification for his son’s torment: And Father said it’s because you are a virgin: don’t you see? Women are never virgins. Purity is a negative state and therefore contrary to nature. It’s nature is hurting you not Caddy and I said That’s just words and he said So is virginity and I said you don’t know. You cant know and he said Yes. On the instant when we realize that tragedy is second-hand (Faulkner 116). Through Mr. Compson, Faulkner gives a more objective (yet cynical) view of Quentin’s obsession with purity. It is here that we begin to see the irrationality of Quentin’s actions and the distorted vicariousness of his pain. This distortion ultimately results in Quentin’s suicide, but long before this, he wishes for a double suicide on the day that Caddy loses her virginity: â€Å"I held the point of the knife at her throat/it wont take but a second just a second then I can mine I can do mine then† (Faulkner 152). Even once Caddy consents, Quentin cannot bring himself to kill his sister. He reaches for something just as tragic, leading Caddy to the ditch where Nancy’s bones lie. Nothing comes of this, but the bewildered reader looks on with uncomprehending horror at Quentin’s obsession. Quentin feels either form of â€Å"death† could baptize him and Caddy so intensely that they will both be made clean again. Unable to emerge from his eg o and his family, Quentin sees salvation as an immersion in his particular kind of love. Karl F. Zender sheds light on Quentin’s puzzling attempt to solve his moral dilemmas: â€Å"Clearly, Quentin wishes to understand his incest fantasies as asexual in origin and atemporal in effect. They are, he believes, a way of rescinding Caddy’s sexual initiation†¦and, by extension, of denying the descent of the Compson family and of the South into the modern age† (Zender 747).

Supply chain Technologies Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Supply chain Technologies - Case Study Example The U.K. high street fashion industry is a complex business with an estimated 44.5 billion in annual revenues (Barlow, 2006). It includes a wide range of enterprises in the apparel, footwear, home textiles, and accessories markets, full-price and discount retailers, and design source and selling companies. Some have their own manufacturing facilities whilst others outsource production but retain control over parts of the production process. Dominating the highly-competitive UK fashion market is Marks & Spencer, followed by discount fashion specialist brands such as Primark and TK Maxx, all competing with Burberry, Italy's Prada, Chloe (France), Hugo Boss (Germany), and Donna Karan (U.S.). Fashion and apparel manufacturing has almost disappeared in the U.K. due to cheap imports from China, which has likewise developed into a manufacturing base for the established global brands. U.K. manufacturing is focused on specialist fashion clothing and luxury products, mostly for wealthy customers in developed countries. The industry is marked by the integration of manufacturers and retailers, with the top three U.K. fashion retailers - M&S, Next, and Arcadia - remaining vertically integrated, producing and retailing their own brands. The other high street fashion brands prefer specialist retailers, outsourcing their production in different countries and sending the finished products to the U.K. The industry continues to be driven by retailers rather than manufacturers and marked by the growing polarisation between discounters and full-price retailers. The highly competitive nature of the business will continue to intensify. Full-price retailers need to capitalise on young consumer demand for distinctive designs, quality materials, and individual styles sold as "fast fashion" with items offered for a limited time before new styles are released (Doshi, 2006). The industry's operational requirements have changed in the last twenty years, since the time when high street fashion houses sourced most of their raw materials from U.K. textile manufacturers. These were then transformed by U.K. designers, most with their own production facilities, into wearable apparel or accessories for domestic and export sales. Under this traditional system, high street fashion houses competed on the basis of designs, quality brand image, and productivity and were able to command higher margins. However, with the rise of global production centres in Asia and Latin America, not only for textiles but also for finished high-quality apparel, most high street fashion houses are being squeezed towards the higher value-added design and brand marketing activities and feeling greater pressure to outsource production and improve operational management efficiencies. Aside from the growing power of consumers, price discounting pressures, and design copyright problems, the industry faces the following major operations management issues: 1) complexity of the supply chain; 2) speed to product launch and delivery; 3) managing the product mix; 4) inventory control maintenance; and 5) fast-changing technologies. Airlines The airline industry consists of a wide range of companies, from those with a single airplane carrying mail or cargo through full-service international airlines operating hundreds of airplanes of various types. These companies

Tacit Knowledge, Systems for Combating Identity Theft Article

Tacit Knowledge, Systems for Combating Identity Theft - Article Example Also devise a method for a medical or financial organization to determine its security measures are sufficient. Develop an organizational plan for information systems to address potential identity theft issues. Tacit Knowledge: Making It Explicit Reference Information: http://www2.lse.ac.uk/economicHistory/Research/facts/tacit.pdf Purpose of Study: Provide an understanding of tacit knowledge and the risks related to it. Sampling Comments: According to TACIT KNOWLEDGE(n.d), tacit knowledge is â€Å"information that the actor knows he has (how to catch a ball, tie a knot, and mark a line) but which he cannot, nonetheless, describe in terms other than its own (skilful) performance†(TACIT KNOWLEDGE, n.d.). Measures: The article reviews aspects related to tacit knowledge. The aspect of transfer of knowledge from one person to the other is the core factor in tacit knowledge. Polanyi (2002) argues that transformation of such information creates problems. Personal knowledge is commonl y used despite the fact that it is shared among many. Findings/Results/Main Points: Personal information works best when instruments used in technology are not available. Availability of machines used in communication and softwares that encourage social behavior contributes to tacit. During this process, many employees are tricked to leak secret information that lead to identity theft. Conclusion: The importance of tacit knowledge remains debatable in relation to the risks involved. Its effectiveness is noted from the ability that it lacks explicit information. Organizations need to sensitize their employees on use on internet to avoid leakage of secret information that leads to identity theft. Systems for Combating Identity Theft- A Theoretical Framework Reference Information: Ji’, S. Smith-Chao, S. & Min, Qing-Fei. (2008, August). Systems Plan for Combating Identity Theft- A Theoretical Framework. J. Serv. Sci. & Management Journal, 1: 143-152. SciRes. Purpose of Study: To examine the starting point used for organizational systems design in roles played by identity owner, the issuer, checker and protector. Sampling Comments: â€Å"From system analysis and design perspective, understanding identity theft problem and designing managerial and technological systems to combat identity theft requires a holistic and comprehensive framework† (Ji, Smith-Chao & Min, 2008). Measures: Identity thieves use several techniques to retrieve data from their victims. Some of unsophisticated means used are stolen wallets, cell phones and laptops. Social engineering is used in convincing internet users to reveal their secret information. Processes needed to stop identity theft rely on information technology and its systems. Findings/Results/Main Points: Identity theft takes place through stage managed steps. Step one; the identity thief gets personal information of the victim. In step two; the identity thief tries to misuse stolen information of the victim. The fin al step involves the victim suffers emotionally or financially after the identity thief has vandalized the victim’s property. Conclusion: The world has turned to a global village through technology. Use of internet has increased from individual use to organizations. Internet is used for communication and business. Personal information

Outsourcing of US Jobs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Outsourcing of US Jobs - Essay Example omotes efficiency and cost reduction so companies can maintain their competitiveness, sending American jobs overseas hurts America because our economy depends on jobs at all levels in order to continue functioning. The economy is suffering from this practice and it will continue to do so because Americans are forced to compete for jobs at pay levels well below the standard of living. The secondary problem with outsourcing is that companies can visit abuse on their employees and the workers have no way of protecting themselves. Even some companies have found that outsourcing isn’t as profitable as they had once thought it would be. When American businesses outsource, it seems that everyone loses. As Americans began to raise concerns about job losses, major companies gave their reassurances that this was only happening to the â€Å"low-end† jobs. This would weed out the lower end, highly repetitive and unskilled labor, leaving better jobs for Americans to fill. These early rounds of "globalization" cost millions of U.S. jobs, but various experts assured Americans that this should not be a major concern because these were blue collar "rust belt" jobs. Old technology, they claimed. Manufacturing is passà ©. The U.S. would enter the new global economy with the new technology. Information, services, cutting-edge research and development—these would be the clean, high-paying jobs that would keep America on top. (Jasper, 2006) This promise has been revealed to be an empty one as Americans watch more jobs leave the United States as outsourcers move up the ladder to target higher skilled jobs such as engineering, medicine and legal research. Between 2003 and 2008 finan cial service companies have moved approximately 500,000 American jobs overseas. Seen in the chart below are the companies with the highest numbers of outsourced workers overseas. These 10 companies alone are responsible for outsourcing nearly 200,000 jobs. These certainly aren’t the only companies

HW1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

HW1 - Essay Example (The administration of troubled President Al-Assad puts the amount of nationalities marginally higher, at 80 or more.) Conversely, the shows how the U.S government has not yet evaluated the amount of its nationals battling in Syria. The kind of data leaving the US includes reports of secluded occurrences, for example, in November 2013, when an administrator in the N.S.A proclaimed that three US nationals were confronting charges identifying with arrangements to make a trip to Syria to bond withthe Al-Nusra Front. Battling in Syria picking up across the board consideration in the Western press, authorities from the Parliament of Europe being compelled to remark on the dangers of joining in the battling, and the implications for the security of Europe. There are specific reasons for alarm with respect to what will take place provided remote contenders come back to Europe and their likely interest or association in suicide operation. Regardless of Benotmans declaration that a few Europeans may end up consuming jihad in the wake of going to Syria for different reasons, there are still numerous who end up radicalized by the dynamic vicinity of Islamist activist gatherings online prior to leaving for Syria. Online recruitment through social networking, web journals or sites on the Internet had gotten much simpler than some time recently. "To such an extent that the supposed third era of warriors inside the equipped gatherings grew up with engineering and are more connected with it particularly as keen gadgets and online networking sites have gotten across the board," he said. Online recruitment fights seem to have been compelling enough that a few governments in the West especially the U.S have propelled counter-battles accordingly. For instance In Dec 2013, The New York Times distributed an announcement by a United States State Department administrator who stated that a test case project would react to tweets, interpreted feature cuts show by

Marketing Management Outline Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Marketing Management - Outline Example It is highly essential to understand the needs and the preferences of the customers and this is done by integrating brand strategies. Having a strong brand is invaluable since it is a promise to the customer and today branding has become a foundation for every company in marketing communication. (Kashani & Turpin 1999). Reasons why companies develop their core products into brands 1. Memorability – a brand name serves as a source of reputation for the company and besides an effective company name it also helps in reinforcing the identity to the customers which further makes them do more business with the company. It comes with a distinctive behavior or a unique color combination. 2. Loyalty – customers are more likely to purchase a brand with which they have positive association and experiences and the customers who are bonded with a brand also purchase other items sold by the same brand. 3. Familiarity – branding also has an impact on the people who are not the customers of the company and familiarity induces liking because of which people often recommend a brand to other people also. 4. Premium price and age - instead of dealing with price-shoppers, there are always buyers available who are willing to pay more for a brand compared to its competitors. 5. Extensions – a brand name which is well known amongst the people can also be used to sell new products. 6. Equity of the company rises – a company that sells branded products is sold at a higher price than the other companies that sell non-branded products and services. 7. Marketing expenses are low – money is always required to create a brand but once it is created, marketing expenses eventually reduce. 8. Lower risk for consumers – people often choose a branded product over a non-branded product when making a purchase decision. Brand valuation methods A number of brand valuation methods are used by the companies and every method has its own advantages and disa dvantages. Some of the main brand valuation methods are mentioned below. Income based brand valuation methods 1. Relief from royalty method – this method is based on the amount the owner would have to pay in order to get the brand licensed by a third party. In order to capitalize the future branded cash flows, discounted cash flow analysis is used. 2. Excess-earnings method:Â  earnings above profit are calculated to attract investors on the basis of the value of the assets while the excess amount is attributed towards the brand. 3. Price premium method:Â  this method of brand valuation

People Republic of China Constitution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

People Republic of China Constitution - Essay Example But the Chinese people had yet to fulfill their historical task of overthrowing imperialism and feudalism. After waging hard, protracted and tortuous struggles, armed and otherwise, the Chinese people of all nationalities led by the Communist Party of China with Chairman Mao Zedong as its leader ultimately, in 1949, overthrew the rule of imperialism, feudalism and bureaucrat capitalism, won the great victory of the new-democratic revolution and founded the People's Republic of China. Thereupon the Chinese people took state power into their own hands and became masters of the country. After the founding of the People's Republic, the transition of Chinese society from a new- democratic to a socialist society was effected step by step. The socialist transformation of the private ownership of the means of production was completed, the system of exploitation of man by man eliminated and the socialist system established. The people's democratic dictatorship led by the working class and based on the alliance of workers and peasants, which is in essence the dictatorship of the proletariat, has been consolidated and developed. The Chinese people and the Chinese People's Liberation Army have thwarted aggression, sabotage and armed provocations by imperialists and safeguarded China's national independence and security and strengthened its national defense. ... nternational economic relations in the service of Chinese development." (Potter, 2001) An independent and fairly comprehensive socialist system of industry has in the main been established. There has been a marked increase in agricultural production. Significant progress has been made in educational, scientific, cultural and other undertakings, and socialist ideological education has yielded noteworthy results. The living standards of the people have improved considerably. Both the victory of China's new-democratic revolution and the successes of its socialist cause have been achieved by the Chinese people of all nationalities under the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the guidance of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought, and by upholding truth, correcting errors and overcoming numerous difficulties and hardships. The People's Republic of China is a socialist state under the people's democratic dictatorship led by the working class and based on the alliance of workers and peasants. The socialist system is the basic system of the People's Republic of China. Sabotage of the socialist system by any organization or individual is prohibited. All power in the People's Republic of China belongs to the people. The organs through which the people exercise state power are the National People's Congress and the local people's congresses at different levels. The people administer state affairs and manage economic, cultural and social affairs through various channels and in various ways in accordance with the law. The state organs of the People's Republic of China apply the principle of democratic centralism. The National People's Congress and the local people's congresses at different levels are instituted through democratic election. They are responsible to