The Value Profile of Bulgarians According to Hall and Hofstede Essay Sample free essay sample

When we talk about intercultural communicating. we consider civilization as a set of beliefs. moralss and values that determine the behaviour of states. Edward T. Hall divided civilizations harmonizing to their ways of pass oning. into high-context and low-context civilizations. Low-context civilizations are civilizations. which need expressed verbal words and information. in order to to the full understand the message. On the other manus a high-context civilization is a civilization where there is a batch of information environing the explicit verbal message. Peoples from a high context civilizations. and Bulgarians are one of them. frequently send more information implicitly. hold a wider web of household. friends. co-workers. clients and are maintaining themselves up to day of the month with the people of import to them. and therefore be given to remain good informed on many topics. How we use clip is one of the most indifferent and certain ways to specify cultural differences har monizing to Hall. We will write a custom essay sample on The Value Profile of Bulgarians According to Hall and Hofstede Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Societies perceive and usage clip otherwise. doing struggles when spouses lack understanding of their cultural differences. Americans. defined as monochronic. pay attending to one thing at a clip. position clip linearly. and agenda and value clip otherwise than make polychronic people. They require more information. adhere to a program of action. and stress promptitude. Conversely. polychronic people. such as Bulgarians. are more time-flexible. execute many undertakings at one time. alteration programs frequently and easy. be given to construct lifetime relationships. and basal promptitude on relationships. When it comes to mensurating cultural differences. there is one individual who admiration a immense research and theoretical parts. His name is Geert Hofstede. He found that differences in values between civilizations could be reduced to four basic values. He calls them dimensions. The four cultural dimensions are: power distance. which has to make with the credence of a hierarchal or unequal power construction. Uncertainty turning away implies how civilizations deal with uncertainnesss of mundane life. Individualism indicates. whether the people perceive themselves as independent or collectivized. Masculinity/ Femininity signifies. whether the dominant values in society are achievement and success or caring for others and quality of life. If we explore the Bulgarian civilization with the aid of Hofstede theoretical account. we can acquire a good overview of the deep drivers of the Bulgarian civilization relation to other universe civilizations. Peoples in Bulgaria accept a hierarchal order in which everybody has a topographic point and which needs no farther justification. Hierarchy in an organisation is seen as reflecting built-in inequalities. centralisation is popular. subsidiaries expect to be told what to make and the ideal foreman is a benevolent tyrant. Bulgaria is more collectivized than individualist and in procedure to go more feminine than masculine. Bulgaria has a really high pe nchant for avoiding uncertainness. Countries exhibiting high uncertainness avoidence maintain stiff codifications of belief and behavior and are intolerant of irregular behavior and thoughts. In these civilizations there is an emotional demand for regulations. clip is money. people have an interior impulse to be busy and work hard. preciseness and promptness are the norm. invention may be resisted. security is an of import component in single motive.

Roles of Property Tax

Introduction Property tax, an annual tax on the real property, has been in existence for more than three millennia. It is found most commonly on the market value concept. Its base may be the land and buildings or just the land only. The strengths and weaknesses of this type of tax are well known since it’s common globally and is a subject of a political debate (Hoff, 1991).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Roles of Property Tax specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper therefore seek to explain how the rate of savings in a less developed nation can be increased using the property tax. It will also highlight the roles that can be attributed to the property tax in encouraging the foreign investors to invest in the nation. Additionally, the paper will recommend other features of an economic system that may be implemented by this nation in order to achieve its economic objectives. Roles assigned to property t axes As an economic advisor, I would recommend a property tax that is administratively and technically easy to maintain and implement in all the circumstances. The property tax should be able to aim a cost yield ratio of 2% or even less making it cheap to administer. The property tax implemented should be secure in that it’s almost impossible to evade, the collection success rates should be at a minimum of 95% which is easily attainable. The transparency of the tax system should be evident in the property tax to ensure its affectivity (Hoff, 1991). The property tax should be in such away that the public understands it since understanding the market value concept is easy whether it is a rental value or capital value making its basis of assessment more appreciated. The property tax should ensure that there is a better correlation between the ability to pay and the assessed value. The tax should also be marginally progressive and therefore need to be designed correctly. The prop erty taxes should be well suited like a source to the revenue of the local governments generated locally; nevertheless it should be buoyant and predictable (Bahl, 1992). Economically, I’ll assign some other major roles to the property taxes. These include: acting as a major source of local revenues; the property taxes should be employed as the main source of revenues generated locally since it is geographically defined. It may be possible to use local sales taxes and local income taxes in generating the revenue for the local government but the two have administrative difficulties. Other sources may be rents from the properties owned by the government. However, property taxes still remain the major source of revenue in such areas since it is easier for the government to modify than it is to adjust the rates of income taxes (Hyman, 2008).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As a primary source of revenue; property tax should be able to play a vital role in the autonomy and decentralization of the local government. Where there is full local government decentralization, the power to independently raise revenue is incorporated which allows the government to use such funds as they deem fit: as a support for other functions; the property tax should be able to be used by other bodies and agencies in assessing the value lists attached to properties. Some bodies that may find it relevant include drainage boards, water bodies and electricity which assess the charges imposed on such commodities (Bahl, 1992). Features of economic system to be implemented A developing nation willing to increase the savings of its citizens and the investments by the foreign investors ought to implement favorable economic systems that suit its objectives. In this case, some of the features of the economic system that I as an economic advisor would recommend for implementation inclu de: An economic system that facilitates decentralization and gives a basis for local autonomy A system that ensures an economic use of the available land An economic system that provides the base of revenue for a particular function authorities A system that reduces property and land prices hence facilitating land access by the public An economic system that can be applied to industrial, commercial and residential properties as well as buildings and agricultural land located in the rural areas (Hoff, 1991). Conclusion In summary, Property tax is an annual tax on the real property. It is found most commonly on the market value concept. The land and buildings or just the land only are its major bases. The strengths and weaknesses of this type of tax are well known since it’s common globally and is a subject of a political debate. This paper has highlighted major roles of property tax as; the major source of local revenue, primary source, contributing to functions of other bod ies and as a valuation list. The paper has therefore described how the rate of saving of a less developed nation can be increased using the property tax. It has also highlighted the roles assigned to the property tax in encouraging the foreign investors to invest in the nation. Eventually, the paper has recommended the features of an economic system that may be implemented by this nation in order to achieve its economic objectives. References Bahl, R. (1992). Urban Public Finance in Developing Countries. New York: Oxford University Press. Hoff, K. (1991). Introduction: Agricultural Taxation and Land Rights Systems. The World  Bank Economic Review, 5(1): 85-91.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Roles of Property Tax specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hyman, D. N. (2008). Public finance: A contemporary application of theory to policy (9th  ed.). Mason OH: South-Western Publishing, Cengage This essay on Roles of Property Tax was written and submitted by user Bowen P. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Edad consentimiento para relaciones sexuales en EE.UU.

Edad consentimiento para relaciones sexuales en EE.UU. En Estados Unidos, la edad de consentimiento sexual  significa que a partir de cumplir los aà ±os fijados por ley de cada estado, cualquier persona –varà ³n o mujer– puede tener sexo con quien quiera, a menos que està © incapacitada por otro motivo. Sin embargo, en algunos estados tambià ©n es necesario que en los casos de relaciones sexuales entre dos personas que ya han alcanzado la edad de consentimiento, pero al menos una de ellas es menor de edad, la diferencia de aà ±os entre ambas no puede ser mayor a un nà ºmero fijado por ley, que es lo que se conoce como provisià ³n de diferencia de edad (age gap provision, en inglà ©s). Un ejemplo hipotà ©tico es el siguiente: Margarita Snchez tiene 17 aà ±os y vive en Carolina del Norte. Tiene ya edad para otorgar el consentimiento sexual, si asà ­ lo desea. Su novio tiene 20 aà ±os. Esta situacià ³n es correcta dentro del punto de vista legal porque la diferencia de edad entre ellos es de 3 aà ±os. Lo cual est dentro de la gap provision de ese estado. Por el contrario, si el novio de Margarita tuviese 22 aà ±os, esa relacià ³n serà ­a contraria a la ley, ya que ella es menor de edad y la diferencia entre ellos es superior a los 4 aà ±os.   Edad de consentimiento sexual y provisià ³n de diferencia de edad por estado Los estados estn listados en orden alfabà ©tico. Al final de la lista aparecen los datos de Washington D.C. La edad de consentimiento significa que una vez que se cumplen esos aà ±os se puede consentir libremente para tener relaciones sexuales. La edad de provisià ³n significa que si un miembro de la pareja es menor de edad, el otro no le puede llevar ms de esos aà ±os. Alabama Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 2 Alaska Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 3 Arizona Edad de consentimiento: 18Provisià ³n diferencia de edad: 2 Arkansas Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 3 California Edad de consentimiento: 18Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 0 Carolina del Norte Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 4 Carolina del Sur Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 0 Colorado Edad de consentimiento: 17Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 4 Connecticut Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 2 Dakota del Norte Edad de consentimiento: 18Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 0 Dakota del Sur Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 3 Delaware Edad de consentimiento: 18Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 0 Florida Edad de consentimiento: 18Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 0 Georgia Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 0 Hawaii Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 5 Idaho Edad de consentimiento: 18Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 0 Illinois Edad de consentimiento: 17Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad:0 Indiana Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad:0 Iowa Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 4 Kansas Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 0 Kentucky Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 0 Louisiana Edad de consentimiento: 17Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 3 Maine Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 5 Maryland Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 4 Massachusetts Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 0 Michigan Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 0 Minnesota Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 2 Mississippi Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 2 Missouri Edad de consentimiento: 17Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad:0 Montana Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 0 Nebraska Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 0 Nevada Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 0 Nuevo Hampshire Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 0 Nueva Jersey Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 4 Nuevo Mà ©xico Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 4 Nueva York Edad de consentimiento: 17Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 0 Ohio Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 0 Oklahoma Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 0 Oregà ³n Edad de consentimiento: 18Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 3 Pennsylvania Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 4 Rhode Island Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 0 Tennessee Edad de consentimiento: 18Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 4 Texas Edad de consentimiento: 17Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 4 Utah Edad de consentimiento: 18Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 10 Vermont Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 0 Virginia Edad de consentimiento: 18Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 0 Virginia Occidental Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 4 Washington Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 2 Wisconsin Edad de consentimiento: 18Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 0 Wyoming Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 4 Washington D.C. Edad de consentimiento: 16 Consecuencias de relaciones sexuales sin respetar edad de consentimiento y provisià ³n Tener sexo con una persona que no tiene edad para consentir o que, aà ºn tenià ©ndola, no se respete la provisià ³n de edad podrà ­a ser un delito de violacià ³n o de estupro. Las condenas por estos delitos pueden tener efectos penales y migratorios por constituir un felonà ­a agravada o un delito considerado inmoral o una falta, conocido en inglà ©s como misdemeanor. El nombre de esta felonà ­a o falta dependiendo del caso puede recibir diferentes nombres como rape,  estatutory rape, sexual assault, sexual misconduct, child molestation, corruption of a minor, etc. Dependiendo del estado y tambià ©n de las circunstancias de cada caso, la condena por puede ser castigad de crcel y/o multa. El castigo es siempre mayor cuando ms grande sea la diferencia de edad entre la và ­ctima y el victimario. Adems, una condena por esta causa puede tener consecuencias de deportacià ³n para los migrantes. Adems,  tanto en los casos de delito o falta se puede ser condenado a ser incluido en el Registro de Delincuentes Sexuales (sex offenders). Si bien en algunos estados esto à ºltimo no es asà ­ cuando aplica la excepcià ³n que se conoce como Romeo y Julieta, que aplica a adolescentes (13-19 aà ±os) y que puede tambià ©n como defensa. Aplican la excepcià ³n de Romeo y Julieta en: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Carolina del Norte, Colorado, Connecticut, Dakota del Sur, Hawaii, Iowa, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Minnesota, Mississippi, Nueva Jersey, Nuevo Mà ©xico, Oregà ³n, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia Occidental, Washington y Wyoming. Cabe destacar que es siempre un delito mantener relaciones sexuales con un  menor que todavà ­a no ha alcanzado la edad de consentimiento segà ºn las leyes del estado en el que reside . Eso es asà ­ aunque el menor està © de acuerdo en tener esas relaciones porque, en realidad, no tiene capacidad legal para dar consentimiento. Adems,  todos los casos en los que se tiene relaciones sexuales en los que una de las partes no consiente es un delito de violacià ³n forzada, que est castigado muy duramente por la ley. Esto es asà ­ cualquiera que sea la edad de la và ­ctima. Desde el punto de vista migratorio, es un delito agravado. Quà © hacer si se es và ­ctima de este delito de estupro La và ­ctima, sus padres o guardianes pueden acudir a la policà ­a o a la oficina de la Fiscalà ­a para poner fin a esta situacià ³n.   Adems  estn obligados a poner estos hechos en conocimiento de las autoridades maestros, mà ©dicos y dems profesionales que tengan conocimiento de ellos por su trabajo. Es importante que las và ­ctimas busquen todo el apoyo que necesiten, incluido el psicolà ³gico. Por à ºltimo  las và ­ctimas de asalto sexual que estn en situacià ³n de indocumentadas podrà ­an recibir alivio migratorio. Acusado falsamente de estupro y la defensa de error de edad Ya que ser acusado de estupro es un cargo muy serio, toda persona acusada falsamente de una de estas acciones debe  contactar inmediatamente con un abogado penalista. Si adems se est en Estados Unidos con un estatus distinto al de ciudadano, solicitar un letrado que tambià ©n tenga conocimientos migratorios. Adems  tener en cuenta que algunos estados permiten la defensa de error de edad, cuando el menor puede parecer que es mayor de edad. Son los siguientes: Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Indiana, Kentucky, Maine, Missouri, Montana, Nueva York, Pennsylvania, Virginia Occidental, Washington y Wyoming. Otras conductas delictivas sexuales a tener en cuenta En todos los estados es legal para los adolescentes ponerse de novios, abrazarse, darse la mano e incluso besarse. Pero en algunos estados es ilegal acciones como tocarse por debajo de la cintura, asà ­ sea por encima de la ropa, cuando se trate de relaciones entre una persona mayor de edad y otra menor de edad. Esto es lo que se conoce como 3ra base.   Quà © pueden hacer los padres cuando no estn de acuerdo con el consentimiento sexual de los hijos No confundir la edad de consentimiento sexual con  la mayorà ­a de edad.  Son cosas diferentes. En la mayorà ­a de los estados la edad del consentimiento sexual es ms temprana que la mayorà ­a de edad. Esto significa que aunque los menores de edad  pueden tener la edad de consentimiento y pueden  querer tener sexo con una determinada persona, sus padres o guardianes pueden estar en contra. Y pueden impedirlo obteniendo una orden de alejamiento (restraining order) en contra de la persona que est manteniendo relaciones sexuales con su hijo/a menor de edad. Puntos clave: edad para consentimiento sexual La mayorà ­a de edad y la edad de consentimiento sexual pueden NO coincidir.Toda relacià ³n sexual antes de la edad de consentimiento es delitoLas relaciones sexuales por encima de la edad de consentimiento pueden ser delito o falta, si en el estado de residencia existe la provisià ³n de edad.Los padres pueden evitar las relaciones sexuales de un menor de edad en edad de consentir sexualmente mediante una orden de alejamientoUn delito o falta de estupro puede tener consecuencias penales, de multa, migratorias y de inclusià ³n en el Registro de Delincuentes Sexuales.Posibles defensas en caso de acusacià ³n de estupro: error de edad y, en algunos casos y para adolescentes, la defensa de Romeo y Julieta. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

10 Animal Sounds in Japanese Words

10 Animal Sounds in Japanese Words In different languages, there is little consensus about what sounds animals make. This holds true in  Japanese as well as other tongues. In English, for example, a cow says moo, but in French, its closer to meu or meuh. In Japanese, the bovine says moo moo. American dogs say woof, but in Italy, mans best friend makes a sound more like bau. In Japanese, they say wan wan. Below are the sounds various animals say in Japanese. Japanese Animal Sounds The table displays the name of the animal in the left column, with the transliteration of the animals name in bold and its depiction in Japanese letters below. The English name for the animal is listed in the second column. The third column lists the sound the animal makes in bold with the Japanese letters for the sound below that. The sound an animal makes in English is included below the Japanese spelling in the third column, allowing for easy comparison to the animal sound in Japanese. karasu㠁‹ã‚‰ã â„¢ crow kaa kaaã‚ «Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£â€š «Ã£Æ' ¼ niwatorié ¶  rooster kokekokkoã‚ ³Ã£â€š ±Ã£â€š ³Ã£Æ'Æ'ã‚ ³Ã£Æ' ¼(Cock-a-doodle-doo) nezumi㠁 ­Ã£ Å¡Ã£  ¿ mouse chuu chuuãÆ' Ã£Æ' ¥Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£Æ' Ã£Æ' ¥Ã£Æ' ¼ nekoçÅ' « cat nyaa nyaaãÆ'‹ãÆ' £Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£Æ'‹ãÆ' £Ã£Æ' ¼(meow) umaé ¦ ¬ horse hihiinãÆ'’ãÆ'’ãÆ' ¼Ã£Æ' ³ butaè ±Å¡ pig buu buuãÆ'â€"ãÆ' ¼Ã£Æ'â€"ãÆ' ¼(oink) hitsujiç ¾Å  sheep mee meeãÆ' ¡Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£Æ' ¡Ã£Æ' ¼(baa baa) ushi牛 cow moo mooãÆ' ¢Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£Æ' ¢Ã£Æ' ¼(moo) inuçŠ ¬ dog wan wanãÆ' ¯Ã£Æ' ³Ã£Æ' ¯Ã£Æ' ³(woof, bark) kaeruã‚ «Ã£â€š ¨Ã£Æ' « frog kero keroã‚ ±Ã£Æ' ­Ã£â€š ±Ã£Æ' ­(ribbit) These animal sounds are usually written in the katakana script, rather than kanji or hiragana. The Bowwow Theory The bowwow theory  posits that language began when human ancestors started imitating  the natural sounds around them. The first speech was onomatopoeic and included words such as moo, meow, splash, cuckoo, and bang. Of course, in English especially, very few words are onomatopoeic. And around the world, a dog might say au au in Portuguese, wang wang in Chinese, and as noted, wan wan in Japanese. Some researchers have suggested that the animals a culture is most closely aligned with will have more versions of the sounds they make in their respective languages. In American English, for example, a dog might say bowwow, woof, or ruff. Since dogs are beloved pets in the U.S., it makes sense that American-English speakers would want to have a menu of sound words for this pet. The Dog in Japan Dogs are also quite popular as pets in Japan, where they were domesticated during the Jomon period in 10,000 B.C. Though katakana script is most common, you can write the Japanese word for dog,  inu,  in either  hiragana  or  kanji - but since the kanji character for dog is quite simple, try learning how to write it in kanji. Phrases referring to dogs are as common in Japan as they are in the West. Inujini  means to die like dog, and to call someone a dog in Japenese is to accuse him of being a spy or dupe. The sentence  Inu mo  arukeba  bou  ni  ataru  (when the dog walks, it runs across a stick) is a common Japanese saying, meaning that when you walk outside, you could possibly meet with an unexpected fortune.

Air Pollution Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Air Pollution - Research Paper Example The issue of Air Pollution has is not new and was part of the environmental crisis that started with the industrial revolution however the situation today is far more complicated and critical as compared to 50 years back with environmental pollutants causing problems like ozone depletion, global warming and acid rain (Wark, Warner, Davis). Air pollution is almost impossible to contain because of its ability to spread rapidly over a large area. Air pollutants are of various kinds with different physical characteristics and chemical properties and have varying effects on the environment and human health. The various environmental issues are inter-related for example the issue of global warming is aggravated by the increased ozone depletion due to various environmental pollutants. The various environment protection bodies including the United Nations Environmental Program is taking various steps to prevent air pollution and reduce the use of several different chemicals and process which result in air pollution. The UNEP issues regular recommendations to the governments for passing legislation for eradicating the use of harmful chemicals and industrial processes which contribute to environmental pollution. The various other initiatives taken by international environmental protection bodies and agencies include the Kyoto Protocol, the Montreal Protocol and carbon footprint reduction programs but these efforts have not achieved the desired objectives till date. The situation of air pollution is worsening every other day primarily because of the lack of awareness among common people about the adverse effects of various daily life products they use and their activities which pollute the environment. People are concerned about an issue when they have to face the consequences but in case of air pollution, there are cases in which the pollution is caused by the activities of one region while people of other regions have to face the consequences, for instance the Scandinav ian regions are affected when the European countries of the south pollute air, similar is the case with the harmful chemicals issued by the industries in China which pollute the Japanese regions (White, Beal). The sand storms in North Africa are responsible for red rains in Europe across the Mediterranean. So the issue of air pollution is a global issue and must be dealt by all the nations of the world collectively but the overall scenario of the world regarding the environmental protection is not very encouraging because the countries only think about their own interests and do not act to solve the problems globally because most of the countries are not willing to sacrifice their economical benefits for the environmental protection cause. Pollutants in the air a serious environmental issue because the society today is highly industrialized and the various harmful chemicals like radon, lead, asbestos, ozone, carbon monoxide etc. which have been classified as environmental pollutants are issuing from various industries. The various air pollutants are discussed in the following paragraphs. Carbon Monoxide is a colorless, odorless gas which is fatal for humans if

Multiculturalism versus Liberalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Multiculturalism versus Liberalism - Essay Example As such, a multicultural society is described as one that is characterized by a rich mixture of cultures and supports the desire amongst its people to convey their own identities in the way they deem fit (Brian, 3). The second approach to multiculturalism aims at dealing with the numerous challenges that arise because of cultural diversity, especially due to the problems that face the minority and marginalized groups within society. Liberalism Liberalism refers to a political philosophy that is based on the notions of equality and liberty that support basic human rights and freedoms such as individual civil rights, freedom to own private property, freedom of expression, free and just elections, freedom of religion, free trade, and freedom of association. This philosophy arose because of a rejection of tyrannical, oppressive, and conservative practices and ideas such as absolute monarchy, the godly right of kings, state religion, and hereditary privilege that only favored a few individuals within society (Perry, et al., 183). Liberalism emerged during the 16th and 17th centuries when there were numerous religious wars across Europe that were against tyrannical leadership. Regarded as the Enlightenment Age, it saw the beginning of powerful revolutionary movements aimed at ending tyrannical regimes across the world especially in Europe, with the most remarkable one being the French revolution. A multiculturalism critique of l iberal notions of citizenship The term citizenship is a term used broadly to refer to the link between an individual and the state and which grants that individual certain legal rights and freedoms. Citizenship has three main dimensions. The first is legal status that grants an individual freedom to act in accordance with the law and the right to seek protection by the law (Isin and Turner, 32). The second dimension is political and assumes individuals as political agents who participate in political undertakings within society. The third is identity whereby an individual is deemed a member of a political community hence gaining an identity. Differences in the approach adopted by liberalism and multiculturalism have created a tension between these two ideologies especially in the manner of leadership to be adopted by governments and various authorities. One such are of tension arises on the views of citizenship adopted by liberals and multiculturalists. A major model of citizenship is liberal citizenship that adopts legal status and political liberty as important aspects of citizenship and which help to protect individuals from oppression by the authorities and other individuals. Several multiculturalists criticisms have been raised against the various liberal ideas of citizenship adopted by liberals. The first criticism is the failure of liberalism citizenship to address the various inequalities present in the present capitalist societies. The capitalist approach towards production and property ownership has

Role and Functions of Law Paper Essay Example for Free

Role and Functions of Law Paper Essay Law works in many ways for business and for our society to coexist. This is done by setting rules and expectations that provide ways to solve disputes and assign government agency to enforce them. Law is defined as â€Å"a body of rules of action or conduct prescribed by controlling authority, and having legal binding force.† (Melvin, 2011). It is very important for business owners to understand law in the type of services that they provide, from either hiring employees or safety in the work place. A business owner has to provide an equal opportunity to all those how seek jobs in their company without discriminating from gender, age or race. Safety in the work place is important to avoid law suits to be filed against the company. These law suits can go from not providing proper work equipments to failure to fix broken ladder way or not having safety procedure in place. The role that law provides in society is to provide a general guide lines to live day to day. The law also provides safety for its citizens though Administrative Law â€Å"source of law that authorities the exercise of authority by executive branch agencies and independent government agencies† (Melvin, 2011). This law gives law enforcement the authority to enforce the laws set by congress, which enforces punishments to violators if guilty. The law also protects its citizens from settling disputes with violence or aggression. Being in the military and work as a legal clerk I found law to be very important to keeping its military structure. For instance a law that I at first didn’t understand was that if a member of the military could get discharged if they won the lottery, it was explained to me that it can have a huge problem in the rank structure. If a private was to be a millionaire and a Sergeant was to give him orders and decides to disobey him he would care about his punishments which could result in reduction of pay or liberty. The private in this instance has the money so it wouldn’t bother him to lose pay and he  can just buy video games, play online, have cable and it wouldn’t affect him. Law in the military extends throughout the world to make sure that every member of the military should always act in professional and keep a good image on the United States. Working as a process server I started to understand how important law are in my job I am protected by the law to accomplish my duty, by law I am able to go up to a house and knock on the addresses home without being consider trespassing. This is a very important law that I must follow for if I do something like jump a locked fence I would be breaking the very same law that protects. As a process server my duty is to serve court documents to defendants to appear at a specific superior court, if I were to lie or falsify information during the process of serving a defendant the case can be lost even if the attorney did nothing wrong. Having law in our business protects the owners and employees they reduce law suits and prevent abuse. Law also protects the citizens of the United States and common standard laws they apply to everyone in that jurisdiction and punish those who choose to ignore them. Without laws our business and society would fail to live in peace. References Melvin, S.P. (2011). The Legal Environment of Business: A Managerial Approach: Theory to Practice. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.